Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which destroys essential cells in the human immune system, such as CD4+ lymphocytes (a type of T cell), macrophages and dendritic cells. Infection with HIV therefore leads to an impaired immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic cancers and infections. Due to the mutating nature of HIV and damage to the T cells, the immune system is unable to fight off infections and disease. Without treatment, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The rate of HIV progression to AIDS depends on a number of different factors including viral, host and environmental factors. However, with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), many individuals with HIV will never progress to AIDS, having near normal life expectancy.   Transmission of HIV is through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, either sexually; by the sharing of blood-contaminated needles or instruments; maternally through childbirth or breastfeeding; or via blood transfusion/organ transplant. 

For research use only and NOT intended for in vitro diagnostics.