Figure 2. Isolation and Detection of DNA from Different Volumes of Urine. Total genomic DNA was isolated from 3, 6, 12 and 24 mL urine samples using Norgen's Urine DNA Isolation Kit Dx (Slurry Format). The urinary DNA was isolated from each urine sample according to the provided protocol, and the DNA was eluted into two separate elutions (E1 and E2). The isolated DNA was then subjected to quantitative PCR using human 5S gene primers to detect the genomic DNA. To test the absence of PCR inhibitors usually accompanying DNA isolated from urine, an increasing amount from each elution (1, 3, 6 and 9 µL) was used as a template in the PCR reaction. Urinary genomic DNA was successfully detected from all the different urine volumes with no sign for PCR inhibition, even when 9 µL of urine DNAwas used as the template.

Figure 3. Highly Sensitive Isolation of Viral DNA from 25 mL of Urine. Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 (HSV-1) sequences were cloned into a plasmid, and 25 mL urine samples were then spiked with decreasing amounts of the plasmid (10⁶, 10⁵, 10⁴, 10³, 10² and 10¹). Total DNA was then isolated using Norgens Urine DNA Isolation Kit Dx (Slurry Format). Ten microlitres of each100 µL elution was then used as the template in a 20 µL PCR eaction using HSV-1-specific primers and Norgen's 2X PCR Master Mix (Cat #28007). Each PCR reaction was then run on a 1.5% agarose gel for visual analysis. The HSV-1 amplification product is 275 bp. As few as 250 HSV-1 viral copies could be isolated and detected from 25 mL of urine